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Materials
DARPA maintains a robust and evolving materials program. Our approach is to
emphasize those new materials opportunities and discoveries that might change
way the military operates. In the past, DARPA’s work in materials led to such
technology revolutions as new capabilities in high-temperature structural
materials for aircraft and aircraft engines, and the building blocks for the world’s
microelectronics industry. Today, our materials work builds on this heritage and
includes:
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?? Structural Materials: low-cost, ultra-lightweight structural
materials and materials designed to accomplish multiple
performance objectives in a single system
?? Functional Materials: materials with a nonstructural function
such as advanced materials for semiconductors, photonics,
magnetics, and other electronic materials
?? Mesoscopic Machines: materials that can be used for air or
water purification and harvesting water from the environment
?? Smart Materials and Structures: materials that can sense and
respond to their environment
?? Power Generation and Storage: materials focused on novel
ways to generate and store electric power; e.g., advanced fuel
cells and materials to extract energy from the environment.
We have designed, built, and flown a micro-UAV with a truly multifunctional
wing. The vehicle is capable of carrying visible and infrared cameras, chemical
and biological hazard detectors, and communications packages. The 13-inch
wingspan, 170-gram vehicle, named “Wasp,” is the first of its kind in which the
load-bearing wing structure is also the battery powering the motor and sensor
package. In its maiden flight last August, WASP flew continuously at 30 mph for
1 hour, 47 minutes. In comparison, the baseline normal wing vehicle, powered
by a conventional primary cell battery, has an endurance of just 30 minutes.
A final example is the Morphing Aircraft Structures program, which is developing
technologies to create adaptive wings for air vehicles, enabling them to radically
change their shape in flight. These technologies would allow an air vehicle to
fundamentally and dynamically vary its flight envelope (much like a bird does)
to perform multiple, radically different roles.
Thus, we are developing a lightweight, actively controlled system of sensors
(“nerves”), actuators (“muscles”), and structures (“skin and bones”) that mimic
the ability of animals to adapt to widely changing environments and threats.
The vision is to transform military air vehicles from large expensive systems of
piloted aircraft to smaller systems of autonomous aircraft with multiple roles
(such as locating and destroying targets) combined into a single aircraft, rather
than requiring a large number of individual, single-role aircraft.
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